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Carl Sagan, in full Carl Edward Sagan, (born November 9, 1934, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.—died December 20, 1996, Seattle, Washington), American astronomer and science writer. A popular and influential figure in the United States, he was controversial in scientific, political, and religious circles for his views on extraterrestrial intelligence, nuclear weapons, and religion. Sagan wrote the article “life” for the 1970 printing of the 14th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1929–73).
Sagan attended the University of Chicago, where he earned a bachelor’s and a master’s degree in physics in 1955 and 1956, respectively, and a doctorate in astronomy and astrophysics in 1960. From 1960 to 1962 he was a fellow in astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley, and from 1962 to 1968 he worked at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. His early work focused on the physical conditions of the planets, especially the atmospheres of Venus and Jupiter. During that time he became interested in the possibility of lifebeyond Earth and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), a controversial research field he did much to advance. For example, building on earlier work by American chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey, he demonstrated that amino acids and nucleic acids—the building blocks of life—could be produced by exposing a mixture of simple chemicals to ultraviolet radiation. Some scientists criticized Sagan’s work, arguing that it was unreasonable to use resources for SETI, a fantasy project that was almost certainly doomed to failure.
On November 21, 2014 I received a letter from Nobel Laureate Harry Kroto and it said:
…Please click on this URL http://vimeo.com/26991975
and you will hear what far smarter people than I have to say on this matter. I agree with them.
Harry Kroto
I have attempted to respond to all of Dr. Kroto’s friends arguments and I have posted my responses one per week for over a year now. Here are some of my earlier posts:
Arif Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Jim Al-Khalili, Sir David Attenborough, Mark Balaguer, Horace Barlow, Michael Bate, Sir Patrick Bateson, Simon Blackburn, Colin Blakemore, Ned Block, Pascal Boyer, Patricia Churchland, Aaron Ciechanover, Noam Chomsky, Brian Cox, Partha Dasgupta, Alan Dershowitz, Frank Drake, Hubert Dreyfus, John Dunn, Bart Ehrman, Mark Elvin, Richard Ernst, Stephan Feuchtwang, Robert Foley, David Friend, Riccardo Giacconi, Ivar Giaever , Roy Glauber, Rebecca Goldstein, David J. Gross, Brian Greene, Susan Greenfield, Stephen F Gudeman, Alan Guth, Jonathan Haidt, Theodor W. Hänsch, Brian Harrison, Stephen Hawking, Hermann Hauser, Robert Hinde, Roald Hoffmann, Bruce Hood, Gerard ‘t Hooft, Caroline Humphrey, Nicholas Humphrey, Herbert Huppert, Gareth Stedman Jones, Steve Jones, Shelly Kagan, Michio Kaku, Stuart Kauffman, Masatoshi Koshiba, Lawrence Krauss, Harry Kroto, George Lakoff, Rodolfo Llinas, Elizabeth Loftus, Alan Macfarlane, Dan McKenzie, Mahzarin Banaji, Peter Millican, Marvin Minsky, Leonard Mlodinow, P.Z.Myers, Yujin Nagasawa, Alva Noe, Douglas Osheroff, David Parkin, Jonathan Parry, Roger Penrose, Saul Perlmutter, Herman Philipse, Carolyn Porco, Robert M. Price, VS Ramachandran, Lisa Randall, Lord Martin Rees, Colin Renfrew, Alison Richard, C.J. van Rijsbergen, Oliver Sacks, John Searle, Marcus du Sautoy, Simon Schaffer, J. L. Schellenberg, Lee Silver, Peter Singer, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Ronald de Sousa, Victor Stenger, John Sulston, Barry Supple, Leonard Susskind, Raymond Tallis, Max Tegmark, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Martinus J. G. Veltman, Craig Venter, .Alexander Vilenkin, Sir John Walker, James D. Watson, Frank Wilczek, Steven Weinberg, and Lewis Wolpert,
In the 1st video below in the 45th clip in this series are his words and my response is below them.
50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God (Part 1)
Another 50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God (Part 2
A Further 50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God (Part 3)
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CARL SAGAN interview with Charlie Rose:
“…faith is belief in the absence of evidence. To believe in the absence of evidence, in my opinion, is a mistake. The idea is to hold belief until there is compelling evidence. If the Universe does not comply with our previous propositions, then we have to change…Religion deals with history poetry, great literature, ethics, morals, compassion…where religion gets into trouble is when it pretends to know something about science,”
I would respond that there is evidence that Christianity is true. The Bible has fulfilled prophecy in it, and 53 historical notable people in the Bible have been confirmed through archaeological evidence! Also there is compelling evidence that the Bible contains sound medical principles that clearly predate their more recent discovery by thousands of years
Francis Schaeffer wrote in 1981 in CHRISTIAN MANIFESTO chapter 3 The Destruction of Faith and Freedom:
Then there was a shift into materialistic science based on a philosophic change to the materialistic concept of final reality. This shift was based on no addition to the facts known. It was a choice, in faith, to see things that way. No clearer expression of this could be given than Carl Sagan’s arrogant statement on public television–made without any scientific proof for the statement–to 140 million viewers: “The cosmos is all that is or ever was or ever was or ever will be.” He opened the series, COSMOS, with this essentially creedal declaration and went on to build every subsequent conclusion upon it.
SETI Radio Telescope Goes Back Online
TUESDAY, JANUARY 31, 2012
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The SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute announced December 5, 2011, that it will begin monitoring radio waves that it hopes might be sent out by life forms on a planet recently discovered by NASA. The Allen Telescope Array at Hat Creek Observatory near Redding, California, had been shut down since April 2011 for lack of funding by NASA, but has now raised monies from independent supporters and negotiated a deal with the U.S. Air Force in order to start operations once again.1
The search for extraterrestrial life is one of the foundational missions of NASA that drives not only the SETI project but also motivates many of the missions to the planets.2 Carl Sagan was a principal investigator of the Voyager program, one of the most successful early missions to fly by the planets of the solar system. The mission was heavily influenced by his interest in finding extraterrestrial life. The Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft are currently at the outer edge of the solar system and carry plaques on them with a message to be read by any extraterrestrials who might find them.
Carl Sagan was a strong advocate of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence because he believed there was no evidence for God and that evolution explained our existence. He told me in 1994 on the 25th anniversary of the SETI program which he helped sponsor, “We’ve been looking for intelligent life beyond the earth for over 25 years now, but we haven’t found any. There must be something special about the earth. I would be happy to find even stupid life!”3
The SETI radio telescope was brought out of mothballs because of the recent report that Kepler-22b, an earth-like planet, was found orbiting the “habitable zone” of the sun-like star KIC 10593626 about 600 light-years from earth.4,5,6 The position of the field of view in the sky is in the Cygnus-Lyra region just above the galactic plane looking down the Orion arm of our galaxy. It was reported to be the first planet with a measured radius to orbit the habitable zone of any star other than the sun.
Kepler-22b was discovered by the space telescope Kepler shown in Figure 1. Since its launch by NASA in 2009, over 1,200 candidate planets have been analyzed in sizes ranging from smaller than earth to twice as large as Jupiter and with orbital periods from less than a day to more than a year. There have been other planets reported within the last few years, but one or more of their properties seem to challenge the claim that they are fully earth-like. For example, planet Gliese 581g was claimed to be in the Goldilocks zone (not too hot and not too cold) where liquid water could exist on its surface. ICR Science Writer Brian Thomas discussed the problems with this claim in an earlier Acts & Facts article.7 Also, another planet near the star, LkCa 15, was said to be evolving. Thomas discussed the problems with this claim in an online ICR news article.8
Attempts to find other worlds that originate and support life continue to turn up empty. Even if such a planet is found with the proper conditions to support life—a rocky surface, temperatures between the freezing and boiling points of water, moderate pressure, appropriate gases, and no dangerous radiation—it still needs life to originate in some way. The theory of evolution requires life to be generated from inanimate materials and then change into more complex forms. The origin of dumb life is only half the battle for evolutionists. The formation of intelligent life is the other half. But, if any life can be found elsewhere, evolutionists believe it will make the case that evolution produced life on earth.
Up until now, no other planet with the proper conditions for life to exist has been found. But even if one is found, the theory of evolution has not been proven until life has also been found. Consequently, the SETI radio telescope will be trained on the planets the Kepler Project identifies as earth-like to increase the odds of detecting life. Isn’t it strange that astronomers are looking through their telescopes and searching the heavens for a signal containing information that indicates intelligent life exists somewhere beyond earth, while biologists are peering through their microscopes denying that the information they see in DNA molecules was placed there by an intelligent Creator?
Many verses in the Bible tell us that God created man to exercise dominion over this beautiful planet. There is certainly something special about earth. Scripture also implies that God created life on earth alone, not anywhere else in the universe. One verse allows me to say with confidence that intelligent life will not be found elsewhere—“For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit” (1 Peter 3:18). If Christ died only oncehere on earth, He could not have died for intelligent life on planets elsewhere. Otherwise, God would be unjust in saving only us on earth. Since God is just and righteous altogether, we on earth must be the only intelligent beings anywhere.
References
- SETI Search Resumes at Allen Telescope Array, Targeting New Planets. SETI Institute press release, December 5, 2011.
- Thomas, B. SETI Funding Linked to Belief in Evolution. ICR News. Posted on icr.org May 9, 2011.
- Personal communication. My conversations with Carl Sagan are discussed in Vardiman, L. 1995. Carl Sagan’s Pale Blue Dot. Acts & Facts. 24 (6).
- Klotz, I. Planet found orbiting habitable zone of sun-like star. Reuters, December 6, 2011.
- Borucki, W. J. et al. Kepler-22b: A 2.4 Earth-radius Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Sun-like Star. Astrophysical Journal, arXiv:1112.1640v1. Posted on arxiv.org December 7, 2011.
- Borucki, W. J. et al. 2008. KEPLER: Search for Earth-Size Planets in the Habitable Zone. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 4: 289-299.
- Thomas, B. 2010. Doubts Raised About the “Goldilocks” Planet. Acts & Facts. 39 (12): 17.
- Thomas, B. Did Astronomers Find an Evolving Planet? ICR News. Posted on icr.org November 3, 2011.
* Dr. Vardiman is Senior Research Scientist, Astro/Geophysics at the Institute for Creation Research.
Cite this article: Vardiman, L. 2012. SETI Radio Telescope Goes Back Online. Acts & Facts. 41 (2): 10-11.
How Should We Then Live | Season 1 | Episode 6 | The Scientific Age
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