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John Cage – Music for Marcel Duchamp

Francis Schaeffer pictured below:

 John Cage at Black Mountain College

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In this video below at 13:00 Anderson talks about John Cage:

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John Cage – 4’33” by David Tudor

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DESCRIBING THE STORM
CHAPTER FOUR
If there is no God, there can be no meaning for man except that which he creates for himself. Modern music
has expressed this concept in a most powerful way. One might well say that the history of modern music is the
story of man’s failure to attain to anything solid or permanent as he has sought to create his own meaning. We
look, then, at
Modern Music
If we ask what the leading difference is between modern music and the music of earlier times, the answer
would surely be the element of the spontaneous. Traditional music—whether of the concert auditorium or of the
parlor—was structured. It was written (and could be written) in musical notation. The musician could play it by
reading what was written there, since the framework was one of order, form, harmony, and plan. The concept
of music, in other words, reflected a biblical view of the world. But what happened when the new framework of
thinking began to dominate music? Man began to think of himself as a part of a big cosmic accident—a universe
that was not created, and which does not have a plan behind it. The only thing that man can do in such a universe
is to try to create meaning out of himself. Thus the characteristic element in music reflecting this new framework
of thinking is spontaneity—and the element of chance.

Up to this point we have given our own viewpoint. At this point we will quote from a European writer. He
is discussing the work of a well-known symphonic composer, Mr. John Cage. Here it will become clear that the
new framework of thinking does indeed explain some of the strange “happenings” in great concert halls of the
world.
The power of art to communicate ideas and emotions to organize life into meaningful patterns, and to
realize universal truths through the self-expressed individuality of the artist are only three of the
assumptions that Cage challenges. In place of a self-expressive art created by the imagination, tastes,
and desires of the artist, Cage proposes an art, born of chance and indeterminacy.
Back in the Chinese culture long ago the Chinese had worked out a system of tossing coins or yarrow
sticks by means of which the spirits would speak. The complicated method which they developed made
sure that the person doing the tossing would not allow his own personality to intervene. Self expression
was eliminated so that the spirits could speak.
Cage picks up this same system and uses it. He too seeks to get rid of any individual expression in his
music. But there is a very great difference. As far as Cage is concerned there is nobody there to speak.
There is only an impersonal universe speaking through blind chance.
Cage began to compose his music through the tossing of coins. It is said that for some of his pieces lasting
only twenty minutes he has tossed the coin thousands of times. This is pure chance, but apparently not

pure enough, he wanted still more chance. So he devised a mechanical conductor. It was a machine
working on cams, the motion of which cannot be determined ahead of time, and the musicians just
followed this. Or, as an alternative to this, sometimes he employed two conductors who could not see each
other, both conducting simultaneously; anything, in fact, to produce pure chance. But in Cage’s universe
nothing comes through in the music except noise and confusion or total silence.
There is a story that once, after the musicians had played Cage’s total chance music, as he was bowing
to acknowledge the applause, there was a noise behind him. He thought it sounded like steam escaping
from somewhere, but then to his dismay realized it was the musicians behind him who were hissing.
Often his works have been booed. However, when the audience members boo at him they are, if they are
modern men, in reality booing the logical conclusion of their own position as it strikes their ears in music.
We might add that one of the “compositions” of John Cage is called “Silence.” It consists of precisely that: four
and a half minutes of total silence! One could almost laugh, if it were not so sad—and serious. But it is. When
man rejects God, and God’s word revelation to man, he ends up here—doomed to silence. For what can man say
(musically, or in any other way) in a universe that has no meaning? When man refuses to think—and speak —
God’s thoughts after Him, he is consigned to this predicament.

John Cage’s 4’33”

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John Cage’s 4’33” explained: The music of silence

NOWHERE ELSE TO TURN

CHANCE VERSUS DESIGN

In The God Who Is There, Francis Schaeffer refers to the American composer John Cage who believes that the universe is impersonal by nature and that it originated only through pure chance.  In an attempt to live consistently with this personal philosophy, Cage composes all of his music by various chance agencies.  He uses, among other things, the tossing of coins and the rolling of dice to make sure that no personal element enters into the final product.  The result is music that has no form, no structure and, for the most part, no appeal.  Though Cage’s professional life accurately reflects his belief in a universe that has no order, his personal life does not, for his favorite pastime is mycology, the collecting of mushrooms, and because of the potentially lethal results of picking a wrong mushroom, he cannot approach it on a purely by-chance basis.  Concerning that, he states: “I became aware that if I approached mushrooms in the spirit of my chance operations, I would die shortly.”  John Cage “believes” one thing, but practices another.  In doing so, he is an example of the person described in Romans 1:18 who “suppresses the truth of God,” for when faced with the certainty of order in the universe, he still clings to his theory of randomness.

John Cage “Water walk”

[ARTS 315] The Fully Present Object: Minimalism – Jon Anderson

Published on Apr 5, 2012

Clement Greenberg mentioned and then minimalism

September 16, 2011

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[ARTS 315] The Fully Present Object: Minimalism – Jon Anderson

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RogfryPVWDk

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